… The compressive and shear forces predicted with the RM (F RM ) were … 5). Results
showed that the translational flexibilities significantly reduced the ligament forces in all lumbar …

… At the L5-S1 level, the lordotic lumbar posture caused … musculature, ~14–27%), negligible
reductions in the maximum … while ligaments produced net anterior shear forces, especially in …

… decrease in motion of the L 4 –L 5 segment due to disc … von Mises stress and shear stress
in the annulus of the L 4 –L 5 … Third, the lack of lumbar muscle is a common shortcoming in …

… Although the squat technique is commonly instructed in workplaces to reduce lumbar spinal
… However, the anterior shear force at the L5/S1 in the current study exceeds 1,000 N for all …

… quadratus lumborum led to the highest decrease (74 N) at the … spinal muscles, this is a large
but realistically possible error. … disc shear forces were higher for the changes in the muscle …

… L4–L5 disc is considered in the preoperative state. Fat infiltration in muscles is represented
by reducing … compression and shear forces as well as global/local/total muscle forces (Figs. 2 …

… for lateral bending, where a decreasing ROM was found for … from a shear force of 145 N
applied in anterior, posterior, and … a shift of the muscle layers relative to the spinal structures can …

… restrict segment movement, thus reduce the pressure and shear forces on the intervertebral
… -strengthening program can decrease paraspinal muscle atrophy after lumbar disc …

… Furthermore, the preload of the spinal structures is reduced. … After removal of muscle and fat,
the segments were isolated … bending moments and pure shear forces. Further details on the …

… ligament and passive muscle stiffnesses, extracted from well-established literature sources,
had to be distinctly reduced in order to approach our measured overall lumbar … of shear force …